今から数年前、海外研修でAustraliaにステイしていた時、
「THE AGE」紙に、日本の英語教育に関してこんな記事が掲載されていました。
ぜひ皆さんにも読んでもらいたくて、ここに転載します。
JAPANESE STUDENTS are confronted with linguistic, cultural and
sociological problems in the classroom. In addition, they are hindered
by traditional methods of studying English strictly through grammar
and translation -- grammar that is often misunderstood even by
native speakers. The students usually have a large passive
knowledge of English but their active usage (oral/aural skills) is
limited.
Teachers have to encourage students to overcome their fear of
making mistakes. Their performance anxiety has to be witnessed
to be believed. Students often think there is only one correct answer
to any question and are afraid to speculate as to what else might be
correct.The endless repeating of a teacher's question rather than
answering it, and the response "who, me?", can be very frustrating.
Japanese elementary and secondary schools cram a great deal of
knowledge into students in order for them to gain entrance to high
schools and universities. Knowledge gained through cramming is
easily forgotten. Japanese high school education often contributes
almost nothing to the development of one's thinking ability.
In science classes, experiments are often left to the bare minimum
so as to leave more time for rote learning.
Scoichi Kobayashi, professor emeritus of international relations at
Aomori University, noted, in the Japan Times of August 3, 1999,
that the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language tests
administered by the UN put Japanese students 181st among the
189 member countries of the United Nations.
Like all statistics, these cry out for a deeper look. Represented
as a percentage of the overall population of college-age students,
the number of Japanese who take the test is significantly higher
than in other countries, thus distorting the result. Either way,
the results are depressing, particularly
given the amount of time, money, effort spent on "teaching" English.
ESL (English as a second language) instructors should be aware of
typical student problems. Aside from the ones mentioned above,
the most common problem areas are:
1. I believe that many Japanese have a poor command of their
mother tongue. How can students who cannot handle their
mother tongue acquire a second language, particularly English,
which is so different from Japanese?
2. Few Japanese English teachers are fluent in English
(LOTE teachers here often have similar problems).
To make matters worse, many Japanese teachers of English
started teaching as soon as they graduated from university
--- where they never really studied how to teach.
3. Difficulties with:
-- word order (syntax): eg, "man coffee drinking."
(In Japanese, the verb is always at the end of the sentence.)
-- word choice: eg, saying "I exciting" rather than "I'm excited."
-- countables/uncountables: eg, "they are many rices",
"they saw much cars".
-- pronunciation: particularly with l/r, b/v, ci/si, shi/she, etc.
4. Stress and intonation: English is a timed/stressed language
whereas Japanese is a syllabic/sometimes pitched,
unstressed language.
5. Listening comprehension: students have difficulties in hearing
English properly and detecting differences between singular
and plural words as well as other sounds.
6. There is either a complete lack of use of prepositions and
articles or a massive over-use of them.
7. Confusion exists between the North American version of
English and the "Queen's" English.
8. The adding of "o" to many words, eg, hott/o, sett/o, dat/o.
9. Japlish: A mixture of Japanese and English that is hardly
conducive to learning English. For example, you can read
on the side of a bread package: "Our little friend 'TOMTE'
use magical secret power for delicious BREAD that.
Well enjoy in next morning. Children who living in
NORTHERN EUROPE tell us secret that just baken BREAD.
Yes TOMTE's secret."
A new system of teaching English conversation lessons, currently
being tested, will be introduced in public elementary schools in 2002.
The question needs to be asked: Do all Japanese need to speak
English? And will they?
Yes, said an advisory panel to the then prime minister,
Keizo Obuchi, which recently outlined Japan's goals for the 21st
century.
The panel urged all Japanese to acquire a working knowledge of
English before they became adults and called for a national debate
on making English an "official second language".
The lack of proficiency in English will be a "national crisis" in the
21st century, says Tadashi Yamamoto, executive director of the
prime minister's panel and president of the Japan Centre for
International Exchange.
At international conferences, Japanese leaders' lack of influence
is apparent because many other Asian leaders have a good command
of English, Yamamoto says.
"Japanese leaders must be able to speak directly with their
counterparts without using interpreters otherwise Japan will be even
more under represented in the inter national community."
Yoichi Funabashi, a member of the prime minister's panel and chief
diplomatic correspondent for the Asahi Shimbun, has been one of the
most vocal advocates of making English an official second language.
"The time has passed when only a handful of elite people explained
Japan's stance to the world," he says, adding that Japan's
"critical mass" must be able to communicate in English given both
globalisation and the Internet, where 80 per cent of information is in
English.
It must be noted that I tried to learn Japanese twice in Melbourne
but failed. Another problem for Australian students of language
occurs because of current educational trends which mean that their
knowledge of grammar rules is even worse than that of the Japanese.
This is a feat that I would have thought impossible.
(Education Age:Wednesday July 26, 2000)